Ever tried. Ever failed. No matter. Try again. Fail again. Fail better (Beckett, 1983):

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While AI in ELT/L is not without challenges, the challenges are underreported in the literature. Technical malfunctions and limited capabilities were key issues. Fear, including concerns about data privacy, fear of the unknown, and fear of losing a natural learning environment (see for example Viktorivna et al., 2022), was another significant challenge. Moreover, by carrying messages about what is considered appropriate and standard language use and disregarding nuances in language groups, AI might reinforce standardised language use (Rowe, 2022).

Evidently, bias needs to be addressed. While regulatory frameworks may help russia email list universal enforcement may be challenging. Teachers also need to develop learners’ ability to critically assess their ‘Al peer’.

Interviewees raised concerns about the influence of large tech companies on classrooms, while recognising the need for grassroots and context-sensitive AI. Other interviewees said a lack of AI proficiency could widen digital divides. Some also warned about increasing datafication.